Operdiva

If autonomy were to be seen as an absolute right to decide for oneself the consequence would be the risk of chaos with the vulnerable left to the mercy of the strong. Furthermore, if conceived as a right then it is logically impossible for it to be absolute. If A decided to exercise his or her autonomy by locking B inside a room this would interfere with B’s autonomy and B could not be said to have a right to autonomy unless A is restrained from exercising his or her right in this way. Thus, ignoring the problem of ability, any right to autonomy cannot be the freedom to do what one wants. That trite example suggests that any right to autonomy must be limited by having regard to the autonomy of others. It might be suggested that A has the right to do what he or she wants providing it does not prevent B from doing what he or she wants. This formulation, however, would be overly restrictive and would paralyse much of our life. It may be reasonable if resources were plentiful and...

Autonomy has both intrinsic and instrumental value. The intrinsic value of autonomy arises from its relationship with rationality and its necessity for agency, moral personhood and the ascription of moral responsibility. As O’Neill recognised, ‘ethics can be addressed only to those who can reason, deliberate and act; . . . [such] debates must take agency . . . seriously’.62 If I am to be held responsible for both the good and bad things I do, then I must have sufficient agency to be counted as the author of those acts, which demands that I have chosen to do the act for my own reasons, irrespective of the existence of possible alternatives.63 This in turn requires that I am an autonomous individual. If I shot someone because a more physically powerful person forced the gun in my hand and squeezed my finger on the trigger I would not be held responsible for the death. Similarly, if I had been brainwashed or hypnotised into shooting someone I would not be held responsible. The import...

The nature of autonomy In the introduction I suggested that consent is predicated on autonomy. If one considers the role consent plays, which I will discuss in more detail in Chapter 4, the connection with autonomy seems apparent. It has not, however, gone unchallenged and I will address this later in the chapter.1 Starting with the etymological derivation of autonomy, which comes from the Greek and means self-rule, both senses of consent – as a waiver of a right and as a negotiated agreement – depend on the patient’s autonomy, at least in the sense of autonomy as self-determination. Consent raises issues of liberty, power, control and responsibility; all of which are also relevant to the importance of autonomy.2 Because of this connection, it is essential to explore autonomy in some detail. This will allow the attributes of consent to be given more substance, which is a necessary part of determining the moral and legal duties that consent imposes on the healthcare professional....

Principles of Fire Insurance The fire insurance management is based mainly on the following principles: 1. The principle of Utmost good faith 2. The principle of Insurable Interest 3. Principle of Indemnity 4. Principle of Subrogation 1. The principle of Utmost good faith : Insurance is based on utmost good faith that is disclosure of all essential things exactly by both parties in insurance deal . the material facts are the information which may affect the decision of parties to enter or not to enter into an agreement. The insurer calculates the risk of the insurance and fixes the price. Full or partial concealment of that by any one of the parties makes the contract void. 2) The principle of Insurable Interest : insurable interest is a necessity for a valid insurance contract. insurable interest means the interest of such a nature that the event insured against might cause loss to the insured. if you are out of the ownership of the house, your interest in the loss ...

We just released our community update and quarterly results. You can read my full community and strategy update from our conference call below. More than 2.6 billion people now use Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, or Messenger each month, and more than 2 billion people use at least one of our services every day. This has been an important year. We’ve made progress on some of our hardest issues and we’ve built a lot of products I’m really proud of. We’re building the best messaging and stories and community tools in the world, and our video services are getting better, but we still have a lot of work to do. Thanks for being on this journey with us. --- We had a solid quarter, and our community and business continue to grow quickly. 2.3 billion people now use Facebook every month, and 1.5 billion every day. Revenue grew 33% year-over-year to $13.7 billion. Last quarter, for the first time, we also shared the number of people who use at least one of our apps each month. We believe this is a...

This week a British Parliament committee published some internal Facebook emails, which mostly include internal discussions leading up to changes we made to our developer platform to shut down abusive apps in 2014-2015. Since these emails were only part of our discussions, I want to share some more context around the decisions we made. We launched the Facebook Platform in 2007 with the idea that more apps should be social. For example, your calendar should show your friends' birthdays and your address book should have your friends' photos. Many new companies and great experiences were built on this platform, but at the same time, some developers built shady apps that abused people's data. In 2014, to prevent abusive apps, we announced that we were changing the entire platform to dramatically limit the data apps could access. This change meant that a lot of sketchy apps -- like the quiz app that sold data to Cambridge Analytica -- could no longer operate on our platform. Som...

For 2018, my personal challenge has been to focus on addressing some of the most important issues facing our community -- whether that's preventing election interference, stopping the spread of hate speech and misinformation, making sure people have control of their information, and ensuring our services improve people's well-being. In each of these areas, I'm proud of the progress we've made. We're a very different company today than we were in 2016, or even a year ago. We've fundamentally altered our DNA to focus more on preventing harm in all our services, and we've systematically shifted a large portion of our company to work on preventing harm. We now have more than 30,000 people working on safety and invest billions of dollars in security yearly. To be clear, addressing these issues is more than a one-year challenge. But in each of the areas I mentioned, we've now established multi-year plans to overhaul our systems and we're well into executin...

Every year I take on a personal challenge to learn something new. I've built an AI for my home, run 365 miles, visited every US state, read 25 books, and learned Mandarin. Last year, I focused almost all my time on addressing important issues around elections, speech, privacy, and well-being. Facebook is a different company now than it was a couple of years ago because of a much greater focus on these questions. These issues are complex and we will continue focusing on them f or years to come. There are so many big questions about the world we want to live in and technology's place in it. Do we want technology to keep giving more people a voice, or will traditional gatekeepers control what ideas can be expressed? Should we decentralize authority through encryption or other means to put more power in people's hands? In a world where many physical communities are weakening, what role can the internet play in strengthening our social fabric? How do we build an internet that he...

We just released our community update and quarterly results. We've fundamentally changed how we run our company to focus on the biggest social issues and have made significant progress. We’re also investing more to build new and inspiring ways for people to connect and build community. You can read my full update on the progress we are making towards the important opportunities and challenges we face along with our top priorities for 2019. Thanks for being on this journey with us. --- Our community continues to grow and our business delivered good results this quarter. There are now 2.7 billion people using Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp or Messenger each month, and more than 2 billion people who use at least one of our services every day. On our last call, I talked about our overall strategy as we face some important opportunities and challenges. Today I want to give you an update and talk about our priorities for 2019. For the past couple of years, most of our focus and energy has...